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    9/14/2009

    「三希」期待相聚 《快雪時晴帖》飄泊中國 落腳台灣

    2009-09-14 中國時報 【(白德華)】
         北京故宮有個「三希堂」,這不到數平方公尺的養心殿西暖閣,曾是紫禁城的「藝術中心」──乾隆把他最愛的三件珍品存放此處。如今千里外的台北故宮也有個「三希堂」,「書聖」王羲之的《快雪時晴帖》(見左圖,故宮提供,本報資料照片),就靜靜躺在這度過六十寒暑。
     
         《快雪時晴帖》遠離王獻之《中秋帖》、王珣《伯遠帖》來到台北故宮,要從八十五年前「末代皇帝」溥儀出宮說起。一九二四年十一月五日,紫禁城陷入混亂,溥儀倉皇離宮卻沒忘記一件事,把《快雪時晴帖》偷偷捲進細軟攜出宮,但攜出神武門時,被守城士兵搜出上繳。溥儀出宮後,《快雪時晴帖》被「清室善後委員會」當成頭號寶貝保護。九一八事變後文物南遷,故宮祕密篩選精品打包。
     
         《快雪時晴帖》原是王羲之寫給友人短箴:「羲之頓首,快雪時晴,佳,想安善,未果為結,力不次。王羲之頓首。山陰張侯。」短短廿八字,竟成歷代文人膜拜聖物。其實這並非真跡,而是唐摹,但上有趙孟頫題跋,因乾隆視為至寶而天下無雙。
     
         一九三三年二月五日夜,故宮到前門火車站全線戒嚴,世界文物史絕無僅有的「國寶長征」拉開序幕。對日抗戰爆發前,《快雪時晴帖》和一萬三千多箱故宮文物,在上海法租界安度了四年時光。抗戰後,登上長江碼頭運往漢口,開始漫漫西遷路,直到抗戰勝利,《快雪時晴帖》才結束十年長征,重返金陵。
     
         然而國共內戰開打後,文物遷台已是唯一選擇。一九四九 年,台北故宮前副院長莊尚嚴護送《快雪晴時帖》來台。「三希堂」的另兩件珍品──《中秋帖》及《伯遠帖》在溥儀出宮後流散大陸,至一九五○年代才輾轉回到北京故宮。
     
         從一九二四年出宮算起,《快雪時晴帖》飄泊大半個中國。不過,三件珍寶後年極可能在台北故宮團聚。《快雪時晴帖》的流離,正像兩岸關係的寫照。
     

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